Dangers to Health
In many countries, women and young children spend hours
a day in smoky cook houses. The biomass (wood, animal dung and crop residue) used as fuel
gives off toxic smoke at about seven times the safe limit set by the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, (EPA).LINK
According to the WHO, every twenty seconds a
person dies from this condition known as Indoor Air Pollution
(IAP).LINK
IAP can lead to lung cancer, low birth rate, cataracts, bronchitis, TB, higher infant mortality and asthma as well as pneumonia and other respiratory infections which are the biggest killers of children under five years of age in the developing
world.LINK 
 In Guatemala City a woman who can no longer afford cooking fuel eats
only bread and avocados.
-- Proyecto Genesis (NGO), Guatemala City, Guatemala |
Smoke inhalation is not the only health risk.
Women and children also suffer back and neck injuries from gathering and carrying fuel
wood.LINK
Children often burn themselves by falling into cooking
fires.LINK
The injuries and diseases caused by the use of cooking fires can only be relieved by introducing less labor-intensive and cleaner cooking methods.
Economic Hardship
Families who buy their cooking fuel can spend up to one-quarter of their income on wood or gas.LINK
Other families who forage for fuel must continually look further and further from home as fuel wood becomes more scarce. Foraging for fuel wood is a demanding task that reduces the time women and children have for school and profitable work. For example, in El Salvador some women and children spend 3 to 4 hours a day foraging for fuel wood up to 5 times a
week.LINK
As securing energy requires more time or money, people’s quality of life will continue to decline.
Environmental
Degradation
More than three billion people, half of the world’s population, rely on cooking fires according to the
WHO.LINK
These fires are inefficient, release CO2 into the atmosphere and consume fuel at unsustainable levels. The percentage of fuel wood consumption in developing countries is astounding (see
graph).LINK
Fuel wood as a Percentage of Energy Consumption in Africa
Graph courtesy of
Solar Cookers International
Environmental degradation is a critical problem in Mali where "the desert is advancing 2.4 miles each year," says Gnibouwa Diassana, World Vision Mali.
As Drissa Coulibaly, who lives in small village outside of Mopti in northern Mali, can attest the destruction of trees in sub-Saharan Africa is alarming: “When I was a child there were many trees that provided shade and fruit in our village. Today I can see far out into the desert.”
Women in Ndeukou, Senegal walk a minimum of 2.5 miles a day in search
of firewood.
-- Christine Danton, Former SHE Africa Program Director |
Mr. Coulibaly’s statement is supported by research. Fuel wood consumption in Bamako, Mali grew from 600,000 tons in 1994 to about 1.2 million tons in 2000, according to the UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs. In an effort to slow this devastating trend, the government of Mali imposed a six-month ban on tree felling and the export of charcoal, in July 2004. This policy increased the price of wood and charcoal by up to 50 percent, putting enormous strain on household
incomes.LINK
Lacking alternative fuels, people had no options.
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